Preparation of vanadium powder and vanadium–titanium ...
In fact, it is very hard to produce vanadium metal, because vanadium element can combine with hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen more easily than titanium. In current industry, vanadium metal is primarily produced by the vacuum carbothermic, calciothermic, or aluminothermic reduction of the pentoxide V 2 O 5 according to the two reactions ...